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Monitoring Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) during medication therapy with Montelukast is essential because these liver enzymes provide important insights into liver function. Montelukast, while primarily affecting respiratory inflammation associated with asthma, can cause liver enzyme elevations in some patients, although this is rare. Periodic assessments of ALT and AST can help detect any potential hepatotoxicity early in patients undergoing treatment with this medication. By keeping track of these enzyme levels, healthcare providers can ensure that the patient's liver remains healthy and can adjust the treatment plan if necessary.

The other laboratory values mentioned are less relevant to Montelukast therapy, as they do not directly correlate with the known side effects or monitoring needs associated with this medication.